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BACKGROUND@#Albuvirtide is a once-weekly injectable human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 fusion inhibitor. We present interim data for a phase 3 trial assessing the safety and efficacy of albuvirtide plus lopinavir-ritonavir in HIV-1-infected adults already treated with antiretroviral drugs.@*METHODS@#We carried out a 48-week, randomized, controlled, open-label non-inferiority trial at 12 sites in China. Adults on the World Health Organization (WHO)-recommended first-line treatment for >6 months with a plasma viral load >1000 copies/mL were enrolled and randomly assigned (1:1) to receive albuvirtide (once weekly) plus ritonavir-boosted lopinavir (ABT group) or the WHO-recommended second-line treatment (NRTI group). The primary endpoint was the proportion of patients with a plasma viral load below 50 copies/mL at 48 weeks. Non-inferiority was prespecified with a margin of 12%.@*RESULTS@#At the time of analysis, week 24 data were available for 83 and 92 patients, and week 48 data were available for 46 and 50 patients in the albuvirtide and NRTI groups, respectively. At 48 weeks, 80.4% of patients in the ABT group and 66.0% of those in the NRTI group had HIV-1 RNA levels below 50 copies/mL, meeting the criteria for non-inferiority. For the per-protocol population, the superiority of albuvirtide over NRTI was demonstrated. The frequency of grade 3 to 4 adverse events was similar in the two groups; the most common adverse events were diarrhea, upper respiratory tract infections, and grade 3 to 4 increases in triglyceride concentration. Renal function was significantly more impaired at 12 weeks in the patients of the NRTI group who received tenofovir disoproxil fumarate than in those of the ABT group.@*CONCLUSIONS@#The TALENT study is the first phase 3 trial of an injectable long-acting HIV drug. This interim analysis indicates that once-weekly albuvirtide in combination with ritonavir-boosted lopinavir is well tolerated and non-inferior to the WHO-recommended second-line regimen in patients with first-line treatment failure.@*TRIAL REGISTRATION@#ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02369965; https://www.clinicaltrials.gov.Chinese Clinical Trial Registry No. ChiCTR-TRC-14004276; http://www.chictr.org.cn/enindex.aspx.
Subject(s)
Adult , Humans , Anti-HIV Agents/adverse effects , Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active , China , Drug Therapy, Combination , HIV Infections/drug therapy , HIV-1 , Maleimides , Peptides , Ritonavir/therapeutic use , Treatment Outcome , Viral LoadABSTRACT
Objective: To explore the expression level of protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit α1 (PRKAA1) in placental tissues of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) women, and the influence of high glucose (HG) on PRKAA1 expression and proliferation viability of trophoblast cells in vitro. Methods: The placental samples of GDM women (n=19) and normal pregnant women (n=20) of the corresponding period were collected. Real-time qPCR and Western blotting assay were used to detect the mRNA and protein levels of PRKAA1 in these biopsies, respectively. Trophoblast cells were treated by HG in vitro and then expression level of PRKAA1 was tested. CCK8 assay was used to detect proliferation viability of the cells treated by HG medium or inhibitor of PRKAA1, dorsomorphin. Results: Comparing to normal pregnant women, both mRNA and protein levels of PRKAA1 in placental tissues of GDM women significantly decreased (both P<0.05). HG treatment drastically downregulated expression of PRKAA1 in trophoblast cells in vitro (P<0.05). Both HG medium and dorsomorphin suppressed proliferation viability of trophoblast cells (both P<0.05). Conclusion: Expression level of PRKAA1 is dampened in placental tissues of GDM women. HG suppresses proliferation viability of trophoblast cells probably via downregulating PRKAA1 level in vitro.
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Objective·To explore the expression level of protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit α1 (PRKAA1) in placental tissues of gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM)women,and the influence of high glucose(HG)on PRKAA1 expression and proliferation viability of trophoblast cells in vitro. Methods·The placental samples of GDM women (n=19) and normal pregnant women (n=20) of the corresponding period were collected. Real-time qPCR and Western blotting assay were used to detect the mRNA and protein levels of PRKAA1 in these biopsies, respectively. Trophoblast cells were treated by HG in vitro and then expression level of PRKAA1 was tested.CCK8 assay was used to detect proliferation viability of the cells treated by HG medium or inhibitor of PRKAA1, dorsomorphin. Results·Comparing to normal pregnant women, both mRNA and protein levels of PRKAA1 in placental tissues of GDM women significantly decreased (both P<0.05). HG treatment drastically downregulated expression of PRKAA1 in trophoblast cells in vitro(P<0.05).Both HG medium and dorsomorphin suppressed proliferation viability of trophoblast cells(both P<0.05). Conclusion·Expression level of PRKAA1 is dampened in placental tissues of GDM women.HG suppresses proliferation viability of trophoblast cells probably via downregulating PRKAA1 level in vitro.
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Gallbladder cancer occurs insidiously and is usually induced by basic gallbladder diseases accompanied with chronic inflammation. Surgical operation can remove cancerous focus but further treatment should be applied to relieve complications and prevent recurrence and metastasis. According to TCM theory, the basic pathogenesis of post-operation of gallbladder cancer is the combination of blood stasis and heat. Blood stasis arises from surgical operations, failure of liver-gallbladder in keeping smooth flow of qi, and dampness retention in middle-Jiao. Heat arises from qi-stagnation, phlegm-dampness, blood stasis and yin-blood deficiency. Therefore, this article proposed that the therapeutic methods should include Qingre Huoxue Method (clearing away heat and promoting blood circulation), keeping smooth qi-flow of liver-gallbladder, and removing dampness and discharging waste, with typical clinical cases for illustration.
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Objective: To evaluate the immunomodulatory activity of the roots and rhizomes in Rosa laevigata (Rosa Laevigata Radix) in Guangxi, Yunnan, and Guizhou provinces. Methods: The effects of cellular immunity, humoral inmunity, and non-specific immunity were investigated on delayed-type hypersensitivity, serum hemolysin antibody, and carbon clearance of mice, respectively. Results: Rosa Laevigata Radix could inhibit the delayed-type hypersensitivity and serum hemolysin antibody in mice, but had no effect on carbon clearance. All the roots and rhizomes of R. laevigata from different habitats had no statistically significant difference on immunomodulatory activity. Conclusion: The roots and rhizomes of R. laevigata from different habitats have the similar immunosuppressive activity.
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Objective: To expound the origin of Lygodii Herba widely used in the folk medicine. Methods: The records and drawings of Lygodii Herba were studied, the origin of Lygodii Herba in the field was investigated, the specimens of Lygodii Herba in the producing area were collected and checked, and the specialists of taxology were consulted. Results: Now in the market the origins of Lygodii Herba were the aerial parts of Lygodium japonicum, L. microphyllum, and L. fiexuosum. The aerial parts of L. yunnanense, L. polystachyum, and L. salicilofolium in the same family were also used in some places. TLC analysis showed there existed main spots in different origins of Rosae Laevigatae Radix and the commercial herb samples. Conclusion: The investigation could provide the reference of medicinal material supply for the pharmaceutical factory, and insure the quality of Lygodii Herba.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the prevalence of betel nut chewing and oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) among elementary and middle school students in Loudi city, Hunan province.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>According to the standard of the third national oral health epidemiological investigation, the subjects were selected through a two-stage random sampling procedure. A face to face questionnaire survey was conducted among students by random sampling from 6 schools, and oral examination was performed to find the prevalence of OSF.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Of the 4087 eligible students, 4019 students participated in the survey(98.3%). Among the 4019 students, there were 498 betel nut chewers, the prevalence of betel nut chewing was 12.4%, which was much higher in male than in female students (437/2073, 21.1% vs 61/1946, 3.1%, P < 0.05). The proportion of students who were chewing areca nuts increased with increasing grades (P < 0.05). The prevalence was highest in senior schools (229/1077, 21.3%)and lowest in elementary schools (126/1983, 6.4%). Most students who were chewing areca nuts in elementary school obtained betel nuts from their parents (61/126, 48.4%), but most middle school betel nut chewers obtained betel nuts from their friends (88/143, 61.5% and 165/229, 72.1%). Five OSF cases (0.12%) were diagnosed among the 4019 students, all of them were male senior school students.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Betel nut chewing was common and OSF cases were found among elementary and middle school students in Loudi city. There were more male than female students who were chewing betel nut.</p>
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Child , Female , Humans , Male , Areca , China , Epidemiology , Mastication , Oral Submucous Fibrosis , Epidemiology , Prevalence , Students , Surveys and QuestionnairesABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the anticancer effects of total alkaloid from Viscum coloratum in vivo and vitro.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>In vitro, MTT assays were used t o measure the inhibitory effect. Cells at period of logarithmic growth were incubated for 24 hours. Then total alkaloid of various concentrations were added. 24 hours later, supernatant was removed and MTT was added. 4 hours after that, DMSO was added, then 30 minutes later, A value was measured. In vivo, suspension of carcinoma cells was implanted in the mice's limbs subcutaneously, 0.2mL each. 24 hours later, the mice were grouped randomly. Fed by total alkaloid continuously for 7 days, the mice were sacrificed. The tumors were weighed and calculated the inhibitory rates.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>In vitro, it shows that total alkaloid has prominent inhibitory effect on the growth of carcinoma cells. In vivo, it shows that total alkaloid can inhibit the growth of tumors and prolong the survival days of the mice bearing tumors.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Total alkaloid from Viscum coloratum has the activities of anticancer.</p>